[Objective] Soil seed banks of different types of artificial forest land were studied in the Jinta desert of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, to reveal the artificial vegetation distribution rule of soil seed banks, variety characteristics of species diversity, and relationship between the soil seed bank and the vegetation. The goal was to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and reconstruction of the degraded plantation ecosystem in the Hexi corridor.[Methods] The analytical research was conducted through field vegetation survey, soil seed bank sampling, and soil germination experiment.[Results] ① There were 24 kinds of plants species. The numbers of soil seed banks of the Populus euphratica-Calamagrostis pseudophragmites community, the P. euphratica + Elaeagnus angustifolia-Tamarix chinensis + Hedysarum scoparium + Caragana korshinskii-Phragmites australis + Artemisia ordosica community, the Haloxylon ammodendron-Hexinia polydichotoma community, and the Tamarix chinensis-Karelinia caspia community were 18, 18, 14, and 3 species, respectively. The seed densities were 660.71, 267.85, 29.64, and 19.29 granules/m², respectively. The species and density of annual and perennial herbs were dominant, and the proportion of arbor, shrubs, and subshrubs was low. ② The analysis of species diversity showed that the Margalef richness index of soil seed banks of arboreal forest was larger than that of the shrubs. The variety trends of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index of soil seed banks were almost the same as P. euphratica + E. angustifolia-T. chinensis + H. scoparium + C. korshinskii-P. australis + A. ordosica community > T. chinensis -K. caspia community > H. ammodendron -H. polydichotoma community > P. euphratica-C. pseudophragmites community. However, the ecological dominance index was in contrast. ③ The similarity in the arbor soil seed banks of arboreal forest and ground vegetation was higher than that of the shrubs.[Conclusion] The species abundance of the soil seed bank was low in artificial forest lands. Majority of them were herbs, the desert had a low restoration capacity, and the artificial arbor forests and shrubs were beneficial for the restoration and reconstruction of the arid desert area.