[Objective] The dynamic changes and causes of vegetation coverage and wind erosion at the edge of the reservoir in arid sandstorm region were analyzed in order to provide a basis for the prevention and control of sandstorm hazards in the reservoir area.[Methods] Taking Qiaozi reservoir at Guazhou County, Gansu Province as a study area, landsat images of the edge of Qiaozi reservoir was collected, and the pixel dichotomy model was used to calculate the vegetation coverage in the arid sandstorm area. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate the changes of vegetation edge and wind erosion.[Results] The annual average values of vegetation coverage in 2006, 2011, and 2018 were 0.15, 0.13, and 0.35, respectively. The vegetation at the edge of the reservoir decreased first and then increased, and tended to grow away from the reservoir, and the change of vegetation coverage from 2006 to 2011 was higher than that from 2011-2018. The severe erosion area still accounted for a large proportion (>50%).[Conclusion] In addition to climate, the reduction of groundwater recharge, the decrease of water level, the expansion of oasis beyond ecological load, unreasonable planting, inadequate farming methods and animal husbandry development have accelerated natural vegetation degradation and local erosion. The adoption of grassland enclosure, sand fixation and afforestation and other management and restoration measures have delayed this process to a certain extent. It is suggested that ecological water diversion, groundwater replenishment, development of water-saving agriculture, reclamation and grazing prohibition, adjustment of industrial structure, restoration of vegetation and other rescue measures as well as prevention, protection and control measures should be taken to maintain the lasting stability of the oasis.