[Objective] The relationship between temperature dynamics of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) and soil moisture on silty loam in the loess hilly region of China was clarified in order to provide scientific basis for further understanding the function of biocrusts.[Methods] A field monitoring experiment was conducted in the abandoned farmland in Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province from January 1 st, 2016 to December 31 st, 2018.[Results] ① Soil temperature of biocrusts had obvious dynamic within a year. During the observation period, the highest temperature of biocrusts layer occurred in June with an average temperature of 27.1℃, the highest temperature of 5 cm soil under biocrusts layer was 22.7℃ in July. The lowest temperature of biocrusts layer and 5 cm soil in January were -1.7℃ and -1.4℃, respectively. ② The diurnal dynamics of soil temperature in the biocrusts layer and 5 cm soil were changed in a sinusoidal curve throughout the year. The maximum diurnal temperature range appeared in June, and biocrusts layer and 5 cm soil were 32.0℃ and 17.2℃, respectively. The minimum diurnal temperature range of biocrusts layer was 17.3℃ in October, while 5 cm soil was 8.5℃ in January. ③ The soil temperature of biocrusts throughout the year was significantly positively correlated with air temperature, the soil temperature of biocrusts from March to October was significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture, and the soil temperature of biocrusts from November to December was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture. ④ The increase of soil water content (SWC) in January and July resulted in a decrease in diurnal temperature range of biocrusts layer and 5 cm soil.[Conclusion] The soil temperature of biocrusts on silty loam in the loess hilly region of China was closely related to the soil moisture, and the influence of soil moisture on the soil temperature of biocrusts was different in different months.