[Objective] The main driving factors affecting soil fungal communities in the main maize production areas were explored in order to provide theoretical basis for the restoration of soil quality in Jilin Province.[Methods] Jilin Province was divided into the humid mountainous area in the east, the semi-humid plain area in the middle and the semi-arid plain area in the west, according to the ecological environment and climate factors. Soils of maize planting area in these three regions was taken as the main research object. The composition of soil fungal community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology, and canonical correspondence analysis were employed to further analyze the effect of chemical properties, enzyme activity characteristics of soils and environmental factors on fungal communities.[Results] The differences in chemical properties and enzyme activities among the three ecological regions were significant. There was no significant difference in fungal diversity, and the abundance of fungi decreased gradually from west to east. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal groups in phylum levels, and the Ascomycota group in the western semi-arid plain was significantly higher than that in the central semi-humid plain area. In contrast, Basidiomycota had an opposite trend. Sordariomycetes was the dominant class, showing a increasing trend from east to west, Guehomyces was the dominant genus, which was showing as follows:central planting area > Western planting area > Eastern planting area.[Conclusion] Accumulated temperature, frost-free period and annual average temperature are the main climatic driving factors that influence the change of dominant groups of soil fungi, and soil pH value is the main driving factor of soil chemical properties.