[Objective] The prediction and optimization of the landscape pattern evolution in Yanhe River basin of loess hilly-gully region were studied in order to provide support for the construction and management of the ecological environment in this region theoretically.[Methods] Taking Yanchang County of Shaanxi Province in the lower reaches of Yanhe River basin as an example, based on the analysis of landscape pattern index over the years, the evolution of landscape pattern in Yanchang County was simulated by CA-Markov method, so as to analyze the landscape-change intensity and direction from the perspective of human disturbance. The landscape security pattern was established and hierarchical management and control measures were proposed.[Results] ① The division index of the landscape pattern in Yanchang County increased by 2.1% from 2008 to 2017, and the largest patch index decreased by 32.4%. ② In the coming 10 years, the forest landscape was expected to decrease by 18.5%, and the grassland was expected to increase by 13.1%. ③ The extreme,medium and mild ecological degradation areas in the study area accounted for 0.3%, 23.3%, and 48.4% of the total area, respectively. The landscape security pattern included 9 core ecological corridor and 21 general corridor. Human disturbance could represent the landscape resistance.[Conclusion] The implementation of hierarchical management and control, and the construction of landscape security pattern are of great significance for preventing the deterioration of the ecological environment in Yanchang County.