[Objective] The temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of vegetation coverage in Hami Oasis in the past 30 years were analyzed in order to provide theoretical reference for the sustainable and healthy development of oasis in this area.[Methods] Based on the 4 images of 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018, the vegetation coverage extracted from the AFRI_SWIR2 index was calculated using the pixel binary model. The vegetation coverage of Hami Oasis was analyzed using the dynamic index and the vegetation coverage transfer matrix. Then, 8 influencing factors were detected by the geographic detector, to explore the driving factors of the vegetation coverage of Hami Oasis.[Results] In the past 30 years, the area of Hami Oasis increased from 214 km² in 1988 to 632.1 km² in 2018, with increase range of 195%. The development speed was relatively fast, but the level of vegetation coverage in the oasis was low. At the same time, the main expansion area was in the northwest and southeast regions. The development stage was defined as follows:1988-1998 was the low-strength stable period, 1998-2008 was the period of extreme expansion, and 2008-2018 was the high-strength stable period.[Conclusion] The change of land use type is the direct cause of the change of vegetation coverage in Hami Oasis. At the same time, in the past 30 years, the influence of human factors on vegetation coverage of Hami Oasis is much higher than natural factors.