[Objective] The response characteristics of surface temperature in superlarge cities to different land use types were studied to provide a scientific reference for urban construction, planning, and design.[Methods] Taking Shanghai City as an example, this study used six phases of Landsat series multispectral and thermal infrared image data in the summer and winter of 2007, 2013, and 2017 to interpret land use types and retrieve land surface temperature. The characteristics of the influence of land use types inside and outside Waihuan Road in Shanghai City on land surface temperature in summer and winter based on a 900 m×900 m grid were analyzed.[Results] The surface temperature of Shanghai City in summer was characterized by the average temperature inside Waihuan Road being higher than that outside Waihuan Road with a temperature difference of 4.86℃; In winter, the surface temperature of Shanghai City was characterized by the average temperature inside Waihuan Road being lower than that outside Waihuan Road with a temperature difference of 0.17℃. In the summer, every 10% increase in the proportion of nonpermeable land surface outside Waihuan Road increased the temperature by 1.22℃, and the temperature inside Waihuan Road can increase by 0.97℃. The green space and water area were negatively correlated with the surface temperature. Every 10% increase in the percentage of green land can reduce the temperature by 1.01℃ outside Waihuan Road, and every 10% increase in the proportion of woodland can reduce the temperature by 1.06℃ inside Waihuan Road. For every 10% increase in the water area, the average temperature drops by 0.85℃.[Conclusion] In the summer, the cooling effect of green space is greater than that of water area inside Waihuan Road and smaller than that of water outside Waihuan Road. The cooling effect of water area is uniform and stable in different seasons and in different districts. The proportion of water area and green land required to form the cold island in Shanghai City is decreasing yearly.