[Objective] The industrial ecological safety of Anhui Province was evaluated and predicted, in order to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of industrial ecological safety in Anhui Province. [Methods] Pressure, state, response framework and ecological, environmental, economic, and social framework were used to establish the industrial ecological safety evaluation index system. Clustering tools were used to classify safety levels, and combined the entropy weight method and the comprehensive index method to evaluate the industrial ecological safety level in Anhui Province from 2009 to 2018. A BP neural network model was employed to scientifically predict the industrial ecological safety level in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2025. [Results] ① From an overall perspective, the industrial ecological safety evaluation index of Anhui Province from 2009 to 2018 showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the safety level rose from “critical safety” to “safer”. ② From the perspective of each subsystem, the evaluation index of the pressure subsystem showed an upward trend from 2009 to 2018, and the evaluation indexes of the state and response subsystems first declined and then increased. ③ The overall situation of industrial ecological state in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2025 fluctuated and rose, and the safety level rose from “critical safety” to “safer”. ④ The main obstacles affecting the industrial ecological safety of Anhui Province included the ratio of employees in the secondary industry, the ratio of the secondary industry to GDP, and the ratio of centralized sewage treatment, forest coverage, and population density, which providing direction for future regulation. [Conclusion] The industrial ecological state in Anhui Province fluctuated noticeably during the study period, but showed an overall upward trend, and the industrial ecological state was significantly improved.