[Objective] The water resource carrying capacity in Hu'nan Province was evaluated in order to provide a theoretical reference for the regional formulation of coordinated development policies of water resources, socio-economic development, and ecological environment.[Methods] The spatio-temporal evolution process of the coupling coordination development of water resources, social economies, and ecological environmental systems in Hu'nan Province from 2009 to 2018 was analyzed by constructing a coupling coordination development model and a comprehensive evaluation index system.[Results] ① The water resource carrying capacity of all cities in Hu'nan Province (except Xiangtan City) from 2009 to 2018 showed an upward trend, and at the same time, showed a U-shaped in space. ② Coupling coordination development showed a fluctuating growth trend as state changed from primary to intermediate. ③ Coupling coordination development from the spatial dimension showed regional differences, from high to low appearing in the west area, east area, and central area. However, the overall imbalance gradually turned to overall coordinated development, with Zhangjiajie City being the best, Changde City being the fastest growing, and Xiangtan, Hengyang and Shaoyang cities being at a low level.[Conclusion] The coordinated development trend of water resource carrying capacity and coupling in Hu'nan Province were in a good condition, but there were significant differences in time and space. In order to improve the carrying capacity of water resources and achieve high-quality sustainable development, the policy support, aiming to improve the carrying capacity of water resources and achieve high-quality sustainable development, could be issued by Hu'nan Province. Which will be respectively enhanced from the perspectives of industrial structure optimization, investment in water conservation and pollution discharge science and technology, the transformation of resource advantages, and green ecological agriculture development.