[Objective] The effects of landscape change on the sediment transport process were studied in order to provide an important basis for the optimization of land use to control soil loss.[Methods] The earliest shale gas mining area in the eastern part of Fuling District of Chongqing City was selected as the research area. The changes in the landscape pattern before and after shale gas mining between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed. Moreover, the response of sediment connectivity and sediment transport to landscape changes was analyzed. The observing data from 16 runoff plots were used to calibrate sediment loads.[Results] ① From 2010 to 2019, the cultivated land decreased, and the construction land, forest and grass land increased; ② The change in soil erosion caused by landscape pattern change was weak, and the amount of soil erosion in the entire study area was 2.78 t/(ha·yr) in 2019. The source of erosion in the entire region was dry farmland; ③ The connectivity index IC of the entire study area decreased from -0.46 in 2010 to -0.65 in 2019. The sediment transport coefficient in the entire region decreased, and the soil loss modulus in the entire region decreased from 0.83 t/(ha·yr) in 2010 to 0.62 t/(ha·yr) in 2019.[Conclusion] The land use change reduced the amount of soil loss by affecting the connectivity of sediment in addition to soil erosion. The shale gas mining in Chongqing City has not caused a significant increase in regional soil erosion. Blocking the connectivity of sediment in dry farmland is still an effective way to control regional soil erosion.