[Objective] Changes in the ecological stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorus in a natural riparian zone and a strongly artificial disturbed riparian zone were explored in order to provide a scientific basis for the restoration of riparian zones and environmental protection in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River. [Methods] The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil-plant system between a natural riparian zone and a strongly artificial disturbed riparian zone were studied by correlation analysis and partial redundancy analysis methods. [Results] The contents of plant total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in riparian zones decreased first and then increased during the period of dry season, normal season, wet season. The contents of plant TN and TP in the near-bank area were higher than in the far-bank area. The internal stability of plant TN and TP in riparian zones was higher in the natural riparian zone than in the strongly artificial disturbed riparian zone. Plant TP values in the two riparian zones were weakly sensitive to state index, and N/P values were absolutely stable. The interaction of soil pH value, TN, and TP, with plant TN and TP contents were obvious in riparian zones. [Conclusion] The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil-plant system were similar to those in soil in typical riparian zones of the Linfen section of the Fenhe River. The ecological stochiometric characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus of the soil-plant system were significantly affected by human activities.