黄泛平原区风沙土物理结皮硬度和厚度特征及其影响因素
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X37

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山东省自然科学基金面上项目“基于多源信息融合的土壤侵蚀空间变异性与数字地图研究”(ZR2020MD023)


Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Hardness and Thickness of Aeolian Sandy Soil Crust at Sandy Area of Yellow River Floodplain
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    摘要:

    [目的] 开展黄泛区沙地结皮硬度、厚度特征及其影响因素研究,为该区域结皮抗蚀机理研究提供科学参考。[方法] 以黄泛区风沙土为研究对象,设置一年两熟耕地(T1)、一年一熟耕地(T2)、裸地(T3)、自然恢复地(T4)4种下垫面条件,开展土壤结皮硬度、厚度以及土壤、气象和植被等影响因子的定位观测,并采用统计检验和相关性分析方法探索土壤结皮厚度和硬度与其影响因子之间的关系。[结果] 4种下垫面条件下的土壤结皮平均硬度大小依次为:T3>T4>T1>T2。T1,T2土壤结皮硬度与温度、植被高度、植被覆盖度和近地表风速具有显著相关关系(p<0.05)。土壤平均结皮厚度大小依次为:T1>T3>T2>T4;T1,T2土壤结皮厚度和近地表风速呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05);T3,T4土壤结皮厚度和累计补水量、土壤温度显著相关(p<0.05)。耕作条件下,植被高度对结皮硬度和厚度变化的贡献度最高,贡献度达37%以上;无耕作条件下,近地表风速和累计补水量分别对结皮硬度和厚度变化的贡献度最高,贡献度分别达到51%和45%以上。[结论] 人为耕作不利于黄泛平原风沙区风沙土结皮的形成和硬度的保持。植被、近地表风速、温度是影响风沙土结皮硬度和厚度的重要外部因素。风沙土结皮厚度、硬度变化趋势与表层含水量表现出同步变化的特征,其中土壤结皮硬度的响应存在一定的滞后性。有无耕作,风沙土土壤结皮硬度和厚度的主要驱动因子也不相同。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The characteristics of the hardness and thickness of a sandy soil crust in Yellow River floodplain and their influencing factors were studied in order to provide scientific references for the protection of soil resources. [Methods] Four different underlying surface treatments, i.e., cultivated land with two crops in a year (T1), cultivated land with one crop in a year (T2), bare land (T3), and spontaneous recovery land (T4), were designed to conduct the experiment. The hardness and thickness of the soil crust, meteorological factors, and vegetation factors were observed and recorded, and the relationships among the hardness and thickness of soil crust and influencing factors were explored by statistical tests and correlation analysis. [Results] The average value of soil crust hardness of T3 was the highest among the four treatments, followed by T4, T1, and T2. Significant correlations between soil crust hardness and soil temperature, vegetation height, vegetation coverage, and near-ground surface wind speed were observed under T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The soil crust thickness of T1 was the highest, followed by T3, T2, T4. There was a significant positive correlation between soil crust thickness and near-surface wind speed for T1 and T2 (p<0.05), and soil crust thickness was significantly correlated with cumulative water replenishment and soil temperature (p<0.05) under T3 and T4. For the treatments located in cultivated land, the contribution of vegetation to crust hardness and thickness was the highest, reaching 37%. For the treatments located in uncultivated land, the contribution of near-ground surface wind speed and cumulative water replenishment to crust thickness and hardness was above 51% and 45%, respectively. [Conclusion] Artificial cultivation was not conducive to the formation of aeolian sandy soil crust and the maintenance of hardness in the Yellow River floodplain. Crust thickness and hardness were significantly affected by vegetation, temperature, and wind speed near the ground surface. Aeolian sandy soil crust thickness, hardness change trend, and surface water content showed the characteristics of synchronous change, while the response of soil crust hardness exhibited some hysteresis. The main driving factors of soil crust hardness and thickness of aeolian sandy soil with cultivation measures were different from those without cultivation measures.

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李鑫浩,曹文华,牛勇,吕青霞,袁利,赵磊.黄泛平原区风沙土物理结皮硬度和厚度特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(1):63-68,76

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-30
  • 最后修改日期:2021-10-24
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-12
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