[Objective] The coupling and coordination relationship between urban resilience and land use efficiency in He’nan Province was studied to provide scientific support for increasing the regional security coefficient and realizing sustainable development. [Methods] A comprehensive evaluation index system based on urban resilience and land use efficiency was established, using the entropy method, the natural fracture point method, data envelopment analysis (CCR, BCC, super efficiency DEA model), and the coupling coordination degree model to measure urban resilience, land use efficiency, and the coupling coordination degree of these two quantities in 2019 in He’nan Province. The division of spatial types was also determined. [Results] ① The comprehensive resilience of 18 cities in Hen’an Province showed significant differences in both absolute values and spatial distribution. There was a negative correlation between economic resilience and ecological resilience; ② The overall level of urban land use in He’nan Province was at a good level, but there was a big gap between cities; ③ The coupling degree between urban resilience and urban land use efficiency in He’nan Province was relatively high on the whole, but the coupling coordination degree was lower than the coupling degree. Among them, 17 cities were in the stage of high-level coupling between urban resilience and urban land use efficiency, and only one city was in the low level coupling stage. Spatially, the coordinated cities were distributed in a “t” shape; ④ According to the coupling coordination degree and relative development degree, the 18 cities in He’nan Province could be divided into seven types: high coordination, basic imbalance, basic coordination—urban resilience lag, basic imbalance—land use efficiency lag, basic coordination—land use efficiency lag, basic imbanlance—urban resilience lag, serious imbalance—land use efficiency lag. [Conclusion] The urban resilience system is closely related to the land system. In the future, the construction of urban resilience and the improvement of land use efficiency should be taken as two starting points. Measures should be taken according to local conditions to promote the coordinated development of these two systems so as to achieve the goal of safe and sustainable urban development.