[Objective] The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vegetation coverage in Fenhe River basin and their relationship with topographic factors were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the green development of the basin. [Methods] Based on MODIS NDVI remote sensing images data, five years (2005, 2009, 2013, 2017 and 2020) of data for the Fenhe River basin from 2005 to 2020 were selected. A pixel dichotomy model was used to estimate the vegetation coverage of Fenhe River basin over the past 15 years. The spatio-temporal variation characteristics of vegetation coverage in Fenhe River basin were studied combined with linear trend analysis. Associated with DEM data, the relationship between vegetation coverage and topographic factors was discussed. [Results] The vegetation coverage of Fenhe River basin demonstrated an increasing trend from 2005 to 2020, with an average of more than 60%, mainly medium, medium-high, and high vegetation coverage. The vegetation coverage along the Lüliang Mountains and Taihang Mountains was in good condition. The impact of topographic factors on vegetation coverage could be summarized as: ① Vegetation coverage in Fenhe River basin increased continuously with increasing vegetation, and was greatest in areas higher than 2 000 m in elevation. ② Vegetation coverage in Fenhe River basin increased with increasing slope, and the coverage reached maximum values in areas with slopes greater than 12°. ③ There was little correlation between slope aspect and vegetation coverage in Fenhe River basin. Changes in vegetation coverage showed a gentle trend, but coverage was higher on shady slopes. [Conclusion] Vegetation coverage in Fenhe River basin is good, and vegetation growth is getting better year by year. Topography is an important factor affecting vegetation growth.