[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of vegetation coverage in Sichuan Province from 2009 to 2020 were monitored and analyzed, in order to provide important basic research data for quantitative assessment of the regional ecological environment, and scientific references for urban planning and sustainable urban development. [Methods] Landsat images of Sichuan Province from 2009 to 2020 were acquired from the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform, and the vegetation coverage area was quantitatively estimated by the binary pixel model. [Results] ① In the 11 years from 2009 to 2020, Sichuan Province was mainly dominated by high and medium high vegetation coverage, accounting for 80% of the province’s area, while the proportion of low and medium low vegetation coverage was less than 10%. ② From the perspective of spatial distribution, the spatial difference of fractional vegetative cover (FVC) in Sichuan Province was obvious. The areas with low FVC were mainly located in the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and some areas in Western Sichuan Province. ③ From the analysis of spatial change characteristics, FVC in the study area showed a basically stable trend (44.39%) from 2009 to 2020. The area of FVC improvement (30.78%) was larger than that of FVC degradation (24.82%), and the area of obvious degradation accounted for the least proportion (only 4.96% of the province’s area). [Conclusion] On the whole, vegetation coverage in Sichuan Province from 2009 to 2020 was in good condition, mainly with high and medium high vegetation coverage. The vegetation coverage showed a basically stable trend. From 2009 to 2020, the area of Sichuan Province was mainly dominated by high and medium high FVC levels that accounted for 80% of the province’s area, while the area of low and medium low FVC accounted for less than 10% of the area.