[Objective] The pollution status of groundwater in ion-type rare earth mining areas and its changes on the temporal and spatial scales were explored in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of regional groundwater pollution, and to guarantee a healthy life for residents. [Methods] Ten sets of groundwater samples were collected from an ion-adsorbed rare earth mine in Northern Guangdong Province during both the wet season and the dry season. Based on the detection of six conventional indicators and seven heavy metal indicators in water samples, the current groundwater pollution status was analyzed and evaluated by using multivariate statistical methods and the revised Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method. [Results] Groundwater exceeding standard components included sulfate (10%), nitrate nitrogen (30%), ammonia nitrogen (35%), fluoride (40%), sulfide (40%), Mn (55.5%), Pb (20%), and Cd (10%). The degree of pollution due to excessive ammonia nitrogen and Mn were significantly more serious. Only the concentrations of sulfide and fluoride in the over-standard components had obvious period characteristics, and they were both characterized by being greater during the wet season than during the dry season. Groundwater pollution was very uneven, and the overall pollution level was very severe. Groundwater quality in the wet season was worse than in the dry season, and pollution was concentrated to a greater extent at sample points DXS₀₄, DXS₀₆, and DXS₀₇. [Conclusion] All pollution indicators had a migration and conversion relationship with chemicals used in rare earth mines. Groundwater affected by rare earth mines in the study area was no longer suitable as a source of drinking water.