碳达峰与碳中和目标下水土保持碳汇的机理、途径及特征
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S157,Q148

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国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原坡面土壤侵蚀特征地带性变化及驱动机制”(42077071);全国水土流失动态监测和水土保持信息系统更新维护项目(126216229000200002)


Mechanisms, Pathways and Characteristics of Carbon Sinks Related to Soil and Water Conservation from Perspective of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization
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    摘要:

    [目的] 瞄准中国碳达峰、碳中和目标及其时间表,探索水土保持碳汇的主要途径与特征,为全面提升水土保持碳汇能力,科学推进水土流失综合治理高质量发展提供借鉴。[方法] 参考和借鉴国内外相关研究成果,系统性地分析了水土保持碳汇的学科应用基础及其协同作用机理,主要途径和物质表现,总结提出了水土保持碳汇的主要特征。[结果] 水土保持碳汇作用是在植物措施、工程措施和耕作措施3大类水土保持措施的共同参与下,通过植物、土壤和水体等多种途径协同发挥的,可消减大气中CO2并将其转化为多种含碳化合物储存在植物及其产品、土壤和水体中。水土保持碳汇途径包括植物途径、土壤途径和水体途径。水土保持碳汇物质包括生物量、无生命有机质、土壤有机质和水体碳素。水土保持碳汇主要特征包括多种治理措施共同作用;多种碳汇途径相互交织;碳汇物质的现地性;碳汇特征短历时碳汇明显,全周期呈弱碳汇。[结论] 生态文明建设新阶段的水土保持工作,应全面推行碳汇水土保持,实施碳汇监测评价,扩大高碳汇水土保持措施,开展清洁生态小流域建设,避免水土流失与其治理措施损毁导致的碳排放,进一步提升碳汇增量,巩固碳汇能力。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The main mechanisms, pathways and characteristics of carbon sinks related to soil and water conservation were explored from the perspective of carbon peak, carbon neutralization goals, and the schedule of Chinese national strategy objectives and goals in order to provide references for comprehensively improving the capacity of soil and water conservation to sequester carbon, and to scientifically promote the high-quality development of comprehensive control of soil and water losses.[Methods] Based on various soil and water conservation measures and their synergistic mechanisms, and referring to relevant research results from home and abroad, the discipline application basis, basic mechanisms, three main pathways, and four kinds of material performance of soil and water conservation related to carbon sinks were systematically discussed and analyzed. Additionally, the main characteristics of soil and water conservation related to carbon sinks were identified.[Results] The role of soil and water conservation related to carbon sinks comes from the joint participation of three types of soil and water conservation measures:plant measures, engineering measures, and farming measures through a variety of pathways that include plants, soil, and water. These measures can reduce CO2 in the atmosphere and convert it into a variety of carbon compounds for storage in plants and their products, in soil, and in water. The carbon sink pathways related to soil and water conservation include the plant pathway, the soil pathway, and the water pathway. Carbon sinks related to soil and water conservation include biomass, inanimate organic matter, soil organic matter, and water carbon. The main characteristics of soil and water conservation that affect carbon sinks include the joint action of a variety of control measures, the interweaving of a variety of carbon sink pathways, and the locality of carbon sink materials. The characteristics of carbon sinks are obvious over short time periods, and weak carbon sinks are clear over yearly cycles.[Conclusion] Soil and water conservation during this new period of ecological civilization construction should comprehensively promote soil and water conservation as a means of sequestering carbon, implement the monitoring and evaluation of carbon sinks, expand soil and water conservation measures that result in high carbon sinks, construct clean ecological small watersheds, avoid carbon emissions caused by soil erosion and damage control measures, further improve increment in carbon sinks, and consolidate the capacity of carbon sinks.

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引用本文

李智广,王海燕,王隽雄.碳达峰与碳中和目标下水土保持碳汇的机理、途径及特征[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(3):312-317,380

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-21
  • 最后修改日期:2022-04-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-02
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