[Objective] The mechanism of wind erosion of soil in rodent mounds in a degraded area of the source area of the Yellow River were determined by studying the characteristics of soil particle loss in order to provide significant guidance for further scientific evaluation of soil loss characteristics in a degraded alpine grassland area. [Methods] We studied rodent mounds that are widely distributed in the source area of the Yellow River which were creased by two rodent species, namely Ochotona curzoniae and Eospalax baileyi. According to soil texture characteristics, the rodent mounds were divided into three types: meadow, sand, and gravel-bearing. A small in-situ wind erosion test device was used to investigate the relationship between wind erosion and wind speed in the wind speed range of 3~15 m/s under nine wind speed tests with an interval of 1.5 m/s. [Results] ① When wind speed was greater than 9 m/s, the wind erosion amount of the Ochotona curzoniae mounds was the largest, and the wind erosion amount of the Eospalax baileyi mounds was the smallest. A power function relationship was found between wind erosion amount of the Ochotona curzoniae mounds and wind speed. There was a positive correlation between the amount of wind erosion and wind speed in meadow soil and gravel-containing soil. Gravel had a significant inhibitory effect on soil wind erosion. ② The wind erosion of soil in Ochotona curzoniae mounds was greater than in Eospalax baileyi mounds, and the wind erosion rate of soil in rodent mounds increased greatly with increasing wind speed. The wind erosion rate of soil in rodent mounds showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing wind erosion time. ③ According to an analysis of soil particle size, the wind erosion particles of sand-dune soil were dominated by sand, while meadow soil and gravel-bearing soil were dominated by silt. The composition of erosion particles was related to the soil texture of rodent mounds. [Conclusion] The relationship between soil loss and wind speed was related to soil texture, rodent activity, soil aggregate damage, and soil reorganization in a degraded area of source area of the Yellow River.