[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation characteristics and driving factors of vegetation in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 were studied in order to provide scientific guidance for the construction of regional ecological civilization. [Methods] Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, we used the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data calculated from Landsat images from 2000 to 2020 combined with trend analysis, hot spot analysis, geographic detector model, and other methods to analyze the change pattern and driving factors of the annual maximum EVI (EVI_max) in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. [Results] ① Annual EVI_max showed a significant upward trend in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020. Annual EVI_max values for the unchanged land use/cover types showed a fluctuating upward trend, among which the rate of increase for grassland was the largest. ② Spatially, the EVI_max values showed a decreasing trend from south to north, and the high-value areas were mainly located in the Qinling Mountains in the southern Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. Trend analysis results showed that the areas where the annual EVI_max increased and decreased significantly accounted for 70.16% and 3.61%, respectively, of the total area. ③ The spatial agglomeration characteristics of annual EVI_max showed that the number of hot and cold spots showed a slight decrease and a significant downward trend, and the cold spots gradually transformed into sub-cold or sub-hot spots. ④ Precipitation was the most important factor affecting the spatial distribution of EVI_max in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, and the interaction of each influencing factor was characterized as nonlinear enhancement or two-factor enhancement. [Conclusion] The vegetation of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration showed an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2020, and annual precipitation was an important factor that determined vegetation growth status.