[Objective] The spatial-temporal evolution pattern and influencing factors of the dominant marginalization of cultivated land in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed in order to provide policy guidance for the intensive use of cultivated land in mountainous areas. [Methods] A land use transfer matrix, spatial autocorrelation model, and geographic detector were comprehensively used to systematically determine the overall situation, spatial agglomeration effect, and related influencing factors of the dominant marginalization of cultivated land in Guizhou Province. [Results] ① The dominant marginalization rate of cultivated land in Guizhou Province during 2010-2020 was 10.20%. In general, natural marginalization was the main factor, but economic marginalization developed rapidly. With economic and social development, the dominant marginalization rate of cultivated land continued to accelerate. ② The dominant marginalization level of cultivated land in Guizhou Province during 2010-2020 generally showed a pattern characterized as "higher in the south, lower in the north, and gradually expanding to the west and southeast". During 2010-2015, the pattern was characterized as "higher in the south and lower in the north". Duging 2015-2020, the pattern was "higher in the middle surrounded by lower". ③ Per capita cultivated land area, urbanization rate, vegetation coverage, and other factors were the main influencing factors of the spatial difference in the marginalization of cultivated land in Guizhou Province. [Conclusion] The temporal and spatial evolution of the dominant marginalization of cultivated land in Guizhou Province exhibited significant differences. Natural conditions such as elevation, slope, and vegetation coverage were the basic characteristics of the temporal and spatial differences in the dominant marginalization of cultivated land. Socio-economic factors, such as per capita cultivated land area, urbanization rate, GDP density, etc. were the main driving force behind the rapid development rate of the dominant marginalization of cultivated land.