Abstract：[Objective] To support building a low-carbon agricultural model, promoting agricultural carbon reduction and high-quality regional agriculture development. [Methods] The estimation model of carbon emission from cultivated land and ArcGIS calculation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon emission from cultivated land in the urban belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia, and the unexpected output super-efficiency model (SBM) was used to evaluate the ecological efficiency of cultivated land. [Results] (1) The total carbon emission of cultivated land in the urban belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia showed an overall downward trend from 2011 to 2020, and chemical fertilizer and agricultural diesel were the primary sources of carbon emission from cultivated land. (2) The carbon emission of cultivated land in the urban belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the north-south and low in the middle. Pingluo County and Zhongning County are the largest cultivated land carbon emission cities. (3) The trend of carbon emission intensity of cultivated land in the urban belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia is similar to that of cultivated land. (4) The ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the urban belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia fluctuates as a whole, and the ecological efficiency of cultivated land in the Litong area is low, so it is necessary to adjust the input factors in the agricultural production process. [Conclusion] To study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of carbon emission and ecological efficiency of cultivated land in the urban belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia and explore their key influencing factors. The relevant conclusions can provide a reference for the construction of low-carbon agriculture and accurate policy implementation in Ningxia.