[Objective]The precipitation in the Loess Plateau is concentrated and mostly heavy rain; in addition, the loess itself is loose and weak in resistance to erosion, and this area is largely affected by geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides all the year round, which seriously endangers people"s lives and property safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mudflow characteristics of typical loess for the prevention and control of regional geological disasters. [Methods]In this study, four main types of soil in the Loess Plateau were studied, and the effects of water content on soil rheological properties were investigated by rheological oscillation shear test. [Results]The results showed that: (1) the energy storage modulus, loss modulus and shear stress of Lou soil, Cinnamon soil and Dark loessial soil all decreased with the increase of water content. Under the condition of large water content (> 50%), the loessial soil showed strong strain overshoot. (2) With the increase of shear strain, the energy storage modulus of four kinds of soil slurry appeared two plateau areas, showing a two-step yield phenomenon. With the increase of water content, the slurry showed a change from two-step yield to one-step yield. The first step of yield is related to the destruction of the initial network structure, and the second step of yield indicates that the slurry structure is completely destroyed. (3) When the soil moisture content is less than 50%, the soil fine particles can increase the degree of flocculation by forming flocs, thus increasing the shear stress at the flow point of soil slurry; When the moisture content is more than 50%, the coarse particles in the soil increase the shear stress at the flow point by increasing the friction between particles, and the shear stress at the flow point of the yellow soil is greater than that of other soils. [Conclusions] This study can provide a scientific basis for the understanding of different types of soil mudflow and mudflow disaster prevention in the Loess Plateau.