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1960—2020年黄河、长江、珠江入海水沙通量演变特征
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中图分类号:

P333

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目“工业磁性球粒在陆架海的分布格局与沉积效应”(42376163号);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MD109);科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY202402);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402602)


Evolution Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Fluxes of Yellow River, Yangtze River and Pearl River into Sea During 1960-2020
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    摘要:

    [目的] 基于动态更新数据综合对比中国三大河流入海水沙通量的特征, 为流域开发和管理提供依据。[方法] 收集黄河(利津站) 、 长江(大通站) 、 珠江(高要站、 石角站、 博罗站)5 个水文控制站1960—2020 年实测数据, 采用滑动平均法、Pettitt 检验法、 双累积曲线法以及小波变换分别对水沙通量的趋势性、变异性、 周期性特征进行分析, 采用交叉小波变换和小波相干谱探究径流量和泥沙量的共振周期与相干性。[结果] 近60 a 黄河、 长江、 珠江入海水沙通量均发生了明显变化, 黄河径流量和泥沙量在1986 年突变减少, 泥沙量在1997 年二次突变减少; 长江和珠江入海径流量未发生变异, 泥沙量分别于1992,1999 年突变减少。这三大河流入海水沙具有显著的年际和年代际周期特征, 年代际共同演化周期分别集中于1980 年以前、1990 年以前和2000 年以前。年际共同演化周期为5 a, “丰—枯”转换频繁。交叉小波分析结果显示, 黄河、 长江和珠江的入海径流量和泥沙量在1965—1975 年具有显著的1~3 a的共振周期, 以正相位演变为主。[结论] 中国三大河流入海水沙具有显著的趋势性、 变异性和周期性特征, 据此进行的流域开发和管理更有效。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Runoff and sediment characteristics of three rivers in China were compared based on data updated dynamically, in order to provide a basis for basin development and management. [Methods] Runoff and sediment data for the Yellow River (Lijin station), Yangtze River (Datong station), and Pearl River (Gaoyao, Shijiao, Boluo stations) from 1960 to 2020 were used with the moving average method, the Pettitt test method, the double mass curve method, and the wavelet transform method to study the trend, mutagenicity, and periodicity characteristics of runoff and sediment fluxes. Additionally, the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence spectrum were used to investigate the resonance period and coherence of runoff and sediment flux. [Results] The runoff and sediment fluxes of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and Pearl River into the sea have changed significantly during the past 60 years. Runoff and sediment discharge of the Yellow River decreased in 1986, and the sediment volume decreased abruptly again in 1997. Runoff of the Yangtze River and Pearl River fluctuated and the sediment discharge decreased abruptly in 1992 and 1999, respectively. The runoff and sediment changes for the three rivers were characterized by significant interannual and interdecadal cycles. Specifically, the interdecadal co-evolution cycles of runoff and sediment in the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River were concentrated before 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, and the interannual co-evolution cycle was five years, with frequent“abundance-depletion”transitions. The results of the cross wavelet analysis showed that the runoff and sediment of the three rivers exhibited a significant 1—3 year resonance cycle with predominantly positive phase evolution during 1965—1975. [Conclusion] The runoff and sediment fluxes into the sea of the three major rivers of China were characterized by significant trend, mutagenicity and periodicity. Watershed development and management would be more effective in accordance with those characteristics.

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郑慧玲,王永红.1960—2020年黄河、长江、珠江入海水沙通量演变特征[J].水土保持通报,2024,44(1):147-157

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-05
  • 最后修改日期:2023-07-26
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-26

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