[Objective] The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of land use in Tanzania from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the formulation of effective land use policy and cooperation in resource development and utilization between China and Tanzania. [Methods] Based on the global 30 m spatial resolution land cover dataset, the spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors of land use in Tanzania from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed by using a variety of land use indicators and GIS spatial analysis methods such as standard deviation ellipse analysis, hotspot analysis and geodetector. [Results] ① The land use dynamic degree in Tanzania decreased (with a significant decrease in the provinces of Zanzibar Islands), while land use diversity and land use degree increased. ② The spatial distribution of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and artificial surface presented a “northwest-southeast” trend. The center of cultivated land was constantly shifting southward, and the development gap between the north and the south gradually narrowed. The spatial distribution of artificial surface varied greatly from east to west, and was the most dispersed. ③ Cultivated land increased and was more concentrated in the previous period, mainly in the central and western zones, while the growth rate decreased and became more dispersed. The concentration of forest land decreased in the previous period, with the most significant reduction in the central, western, and southern zones, and the decrease rate became less in the later period. The growth rate of artificial surface was relatively small in the previous period, and was mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal area, and the growth rage accelerated in the later period. ④ The degree and significance of the impact of natural environment and socio-economic factors on changes in different land use types varied. Natural factors had a greater impact on changes in cultivated land than social factors, while artificial surface changes were mainly influenced by socio-economic factors. [Conclusion] The evolution characteristics of different land use types in different areas of Tanzania varied. Faced with issues such as insufficient development of cultivated land, continuous reduction of forest land, and disorderly expansion of artificial surface, it will be necessary to formulate land use development policies tailored to local conditions to enhance the pertinence and feasibility of the policies.