[Objective] To provide a reference for the assessment of meteorological disaster risk and prevention of soil erosion, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity under different levels of rainfall in Jilin Province were analysed. [Methods] Daily rainfall data from 51 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1980 to 2022 were divided based on different rainfall magnitudes according to the rainfall grade. The daily rainfall erosivity calculation model proposed by Xie was adopted to calculate the rainfall erosivity, and the M-K mutation test, coefficient of variation, and climate tendency rate were used to analyse the spatial and temporal distributions of different grades of rainfall erosivity. [Results] ① The average annual erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity in Jilin Province during 1980—2022 were 420.04 mm and 1 967.12 MJ·mm/(hm²·h), and the coefficients of variation were 0.27 and 0.2, respectively, both of which showed moderate variations. ② Different grades of rainfall erosivity showed an upward trend during 1980—2022. The torrential rain erosivity showed the largest increase of 57.7 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·10 a), whereas the moderate rainfall erosivity showed the smallest increase of 5.8 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·10 a). The contribution of heavy rain erosivity to the average annual rainfall erosivity was the largest at 36.68%. ③ The distribution of different grades of rainfall erosivity was uneven throughout the year. Moderate rainfall erosivity occurred throughout the year, whereas heavy rainfall erosivity only occurred from June to September. Moderate rainfall erosivity played a dominant role in the annual rainfall erosivity from October to May of the subsequent year. From June to September, the heavy and torrential rain erosivities gradually replaced the moderate rainfall erosivity and played a dominant role in the annual rainfall erosivity. ④ The spatial distributions of the average annual erosive rainfall, average annual rainfall erosivity, and different grades of rainfall erosivity were higher in the central and southern regions and lower in the East and West. [Conclusion] The regional characteristics of different grades of rainfall erosivity in Jilin Province were obvious, and the time and region with high probabilities of soil erosion caused by rainfall of different magnitudes were clearly distinguished; thus, meteorological disaster risk prevention and soil and water conservation prevention measures should be formulated according to the local conditions.