2003—2021年拜泉县典型区侵蚀沟形态特征及发育变化规律
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S157.1

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国家重点研发计划项目子课题“北部低山丘陵水蚀区土壤侵蚀防治保护性利用模式”(2021YFD150080503);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2020D018)


Morphological Characteristics and Developmental Change Mechanisms of Erosion Gully in Baiquan County During 2003—2021
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    摘要:

    [目的] 研究东北黑土区侵蚀沟形态特征及不同时间尺度形态变化规律,为该区侵蚀沟发育演化提供科学依据和数据支撑。[方法] 选取拜泉县国富镇域内61条典型侵蚀沟为研究对象,采用无人机航拍技术生成数字高程模型,并通过人工目视解译提取沟长、断面宽深比等形态参数,结合历史航拍影像数据分析侵蚀沟发育变化规律及影响因素。[结果] ①2003—2021年拜泉县研究区侵蚀沟发育整体呈加剧趋势,主要沟道类型为中型沟,占研究区总数的60.66%。②研究区内侵蚀沟形态发育差异较大,沟长、平均断面面积及体积主要分布在41.89~1 173 m,11.23~440.69 m2,895.38~107 686.57 m3,整体形态参数分布较为集中。③研究区侵蚀沟沟长、面积及形状指数呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。平均沟长发育变化速率为9.64 m/a,面积变化速率为246.39 m2/a,侵蚀沟表现为狭长不规则形。④回归分析表明,研究区侵蚀沟沟长(L)与沟宽(W)、周长(P)、面积(S)均呈显著正相关关系。顶宽(TW)与底宽(BW)、周长(P)、面积(S)也存在显著相关关系,决定系数分别为0.82,0.23,0.58。但沟深(D)与侵蚀体积(V)及面积(S)相关性较低未发现显著联系。[结论] 拜泉县典型区域侵蚀沟总体发育趋势较之前相对减缓,但沟蚀现象仍十分严重。整体侵蚀沟形态参数分布较为稳定,且不同形态参数间相互联系,沟长与侵蚀沟缘面积及周长呈紧密正相关关系。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The morphological features of eroded gullies in rolling hill areas of black soil in Northeast China and temporal-scale variations in their morphology. were analysed in order to provide a scientific basis and empirical data to understand the development and evolution of erosional gullies in this area. [Methods] This study selected 61 typical gullies in Guofu Town, Baiquan County, China. Unmanned aerial vehicle technology was used to generate digital elevation models and manually interprets parameters such as gully length and width-to-depth ratio. Historical aerial imagery data were used to analyse the developmental changes and influencing factors of gullies. [Results] ① From 2003 to 2021, gully development in Baiquan County showed an overall intensification trend, with medium-sized gullies accounting for 60.66% of the total gullies. ② A significant variation was observed in gully morphology within the study area, with gully length, average cross-sectional area, and volume mainly distributed between 41.89—1 173 m, 11.23—440.69 m2, and 895.38—107 686.57 m3, respectively. The overall shape parameter distribution was concentrated. ③ Gully length, area, and shape index exhibited a trend of increase followed by a decrease, with an average development rate of 9.64 m/a for length and 246.39 m2/a for area. The erosion gullys showed narrow and irregular shape. ④ Regression analysis revealed significant positive correlations between gully length and width, perimeter, and area (S), and significant relationships between top width and bottom width, perimeter, and S, with determination coefficients of 0.82, 0.23, and 0.58, respectively. However, gully depth showed a low correlation with erosion volume and S. [Conclusion] In typical areas of Baiquan County, the general trend in gully erosion has shown a relative slowdown compared with previous assessments, although gully erosion remains severe. Furthermore, there is an interrelationship among different morphological parameters, with gully length showing a close positive correlation with the area and perimeter of the eroded gullies.

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钱志晶,肖洋,牛羽萱,高澳,刘烨,侯驭麒,徐金忠.2003—2021年拜泉县典型区侵蚀沟形态特征及发育变化规律[J].水土保持通报,2024,44(4):225-235

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-02
  • 最后修改日期:2024-03-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-04
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