[Objective] The impact of changes in land use types on soil erosion amount in the control area of check dams was studied to provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality development of ecological construction in the dam control area. [Methods] The control area of the Shuiquanwan check dam in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province, was selected as the research site. The weighted average method was used to modify the soil erosion modulus from the literature, and the soil erosion amounts for different land use types in the control area were calculated. The change process and characteristics of land use types were analyzed based on remote sensing images, and the influence of changes in soil conservation measures on soil erosion was explored through Pearson correlation analysis. [Results] ① From 2005 to 2023, the main land use types in the dam-controled area of Shuiquanwan check dam were terraced fields, which accounted for more than 70%, while water bodies accounted for less than 0.1%. The transformation of land use types involved mutual changes among terraced fields, wasteland, sloping land, dredged land, and shrubland。② The total amount of soil erosion in 2005, 2010, 2018, and 2023 was 4.54×10³, 3.70×10³, 3.31×10³ and 3.95×10³ t, respectively. Soil erosion mainly occurred in sloping farmland, wasteland, dredged land, terraces, and shrubland, with wasteland exhibiting the largest annual erosion. Its proportion ranged from 41.74% to 49.46%, while residential land and roads accounted for less than 1%. ③ A significant negative correlation exists between slope-cultivated land and terrace area, with a correlation coefficient of 0.972. There was also a significant positive correlation between soil erosion and grassland area, with a correlation coefficient of 0.983. [Conclusion] The adjustment of agricultural structure and the development of agricultural technology are among the main driving factors for land use types and patterns changes. Comprehensive management of slope changes and small watersheds effectively reduces regional soil and water loss.