[Objective] The development characteristics of erosion gullies at black soil area in rolling hilly area in Northeast China were explored, and the influencing factors of erosion gullies in sloping farmland were revealed, in order to provide scientific basis and data support for erosion gully control in the region. [Methods] The study selected 61 typical erosion gullies on sloping farmland at Guofu Town, Baiquan County, Helongjiang Province, as research sites. Factors such as slope, aspect, altitude, and catchment area were extracted and analyzed for their effects on the morphological changes and development characteristics of gullies on sloping farmland, using drone aerial photography techniques to generate digital elevation models and based on data sources such as remote sensing images in the study area. [Results] ① The length, area, and volume of the erosion gullies in the study area showed a significant correlation with factors such as slope, altitude, and catchment area. Except for gully length, the correlation between gully morphological parameters and influencing factors ranked from large to small (i.e., catchment area > slope > altitude). ② Gully length variation and shape index showed a gradual decrease with increasing slope, reaching the maximum value within the range between 0° and 2°. Gully depth increased with increasing slope, peaking at 4° to 5°; significant variations were observed in gully development on sunny and semi-sunny slopes, with the most rapid development occurring on southwest-facing slopes. The average gully length and shape index in the study area showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing altitude, reaching a peak in the range of 230—240 m. ③ Larger catchment areas corresponded to larger gully morphological parameters and more intense gully development. When the catchment area was within the range of >20 hm², the variations in gully length and gully bank area reached their peak values. ④ A multivariate regression model constructed with gully morphological parameters and influencing factors showed a high degree of fit. The fitting coefficients for gully length, area, and volume were 0.73, 0.47, and 0.16, respectively. [Conclusion] The development of erosion gullies in typical areas of Baiquan County is significantly influenced by slope, aspect, catchment area, and altitude. It is recommended to prioritize erosion control measures for gullies located on slopes between 2° and 3°, facing southeast, at altitudes of 230—240 m, and with catchment areas exceeding 20 hm².