Abstract:[Objective] The effects of soil erosion and sedimentation on the form, concentration, and enrichment of heavy metals were explored, and the mechanism of the influence of soil erosion and sedimentation on the form, concentration and enrichment of heavy metals were studied, in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution in river basins. [Methods] Based on relevant domestic and foreign studies about the influence of erosion-deposition on soil heavy metals, CiteSpace and VOSveiwer software were used to study the knowledge map of the influence of soil heavy metals during erosion-deposition and the relevant research results were systematically analyzed. [Results] ① The research on erosion-sedimentation and heavy metals has shown an upward trend in the past 30 years, increasing rapidly from 2017 to 2023, and geochemical characteristics, ecological risk assessment, source analysis, migration, and transformation are the hot spots in the research area. ② During the erosion process, rainfall promoted the transformation of heavy metals from a granular state to a dissolved state, runoff led to the spatial differentiation of soil heavy metal content, and soil aggregate and clay content in the sedimentary environment affected the distribution and enrichment of heavy metals. ③ Organic matter has dual effects on heavy metals: it can adsorb free heavy metal ions and reduce the exchange state content of heavy metals in soil. In addition, it can also have complexation with heavy metals and increase the organic binding state content of heavy metals. ④ The pH value has a significant effect on the transformation of heavy metal forms. Under acidic conditions, the complexation and precipitation of heavy metal ions are promoted. In contrast, under alkaline conditions, the positive charge on the surface of soil particles repels the positive charge carried by heavy metal ions, thus affecting the adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of soil particles. ⑤ Soil water affects the reduction and release of heavy metals. The higher the soil water, the greater the solubility of heavy metals, but excessive water will lead to insufficient oxygen and reduce the REDOX potential (Eh). The change of Eh directly affects the stability of iron and manganese oxides and sulfides in soil, causing changes in heavy metal concentration. [Conclusion] The occurrence forms, concentration changes, and enrichment characteristics of soil heavy metals during the erosion-deposition process are affected by various environmental factors, showing significant differences from erosion area to sedimentary area. Future studies should focus on the development of new technologies and new methods for monitoring the dynamic evolution of heavy metals during the erosion-deposition process. To provide more accurate strategies for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution, a study on the internal relation mechanism of the occurrence form, concentration change, and enrichment characteristics of heavy metals during the erosion-sedimentation process and interaction effects of different factors on heavy metals during erosion-deposition should be conducted.