[Objective] The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem carbon storage and habitat quality and the main driving factors of spatial differentiation in Hebei Province were explored to provide a more reliable reference basis for improving regional carbon sequestration capacity and ecological environment governance. [Methods] Based on the land-use transfer matrix, the status of land-use change in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2020 was analyzed. The PLUS-InVEST-Geodector model was used to estimate the carbon storage and habitat quality of the ecosystem in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2030, and the spatio-temporal changes and driving factors were also analyzed. The change pattern of its spatial and temporal changes and driving factors were analyzed. [Results] ① The carbon stock in Hebei province decreased by 13.45 Tg (calculated by carbon) from 2000 to 2020, and the areas with decreasing carbon stock were mostly concentrated in the Bashang Plateau area, the North China Plain, and the southeastern hilly areas. ② In 2030, the carbon stock under the natural development scenario will decrease by 6.37 Tg compared with that in 2020. The carbon stock under the economic development scenario will decrease by 21.73 Tg, and that under the sustainable development scenario will increase by 3.65 Tg. ③ The habitat quality index showed a gradual downward trend over time from 2000 to 2020. The main land categories of lowest and lower grade habitat quality were construction land and cropland, while that of higher and highest grade habitat quality were grassland and forest land. ④ The habitat quality index of Hebei Province in 2030 varies under different scenarios, with sustainable development (0.463 9) > natural development (0.454 2) > economic development (0.450 0). ⑤ The strongest explanatory factors for the spatial variations in carbon stock and habitat quality were slope and elevation. [Conclusion] Carbon stock and habitat quality were affected by both natural geographic factors and socioeconomic factors. The land use pattern under the sustainable development scenario can help to improve the carbon stock and habitat quality of the ecosystem in Hebei Province.