[Objective] As a "furnace city", Fuzhou experiences a significant heat island effect. Analyzing the influence of urban parks and surrounding landscape patterns on the cold island effect, and quantifying the cooling impact and landscape configuration of parks with varying cold island effects, is essential for mitigating urban heat. [Method] Based on the list of urban parks in Fuzhou, 23 urban parks were selected, and the radiative transfer equation was used to invert the land surface temperature based on Landsat8 and GF-1 and other remote sensing data. The correlation between the scale, shape, internal and surrounding landscape components of the park, vegetation coverage, building height and economic development and the cold island effect was analyzed. The logarithmic function curve was fitted between park area and the cumulative gradient of cold island effect to calculate the cooling efficiency threshold. Based on the cooling effect, the types of cold island effect in parks were divided, and the cooling characteristics and park configuration of each type were analyzed. [Result] (1) The heat island effect in the main urban area of Fuzhou City was significant, and parks provided noticeable cooling. (2) The parks’ cold island effect was significantly correlated with its scale, shape, and internal and surrounding landscape components, but showed a weak correlation with the vegetation coverage and no significant correlation with building height or economic development. (3) The cooling efficiency threshold of Fuzhou city park was 0.22 hm2. (4) Based on the normalized average temperature and cumulative gradient of cold island effect, the parks are divided into strong, sub-strong and low cold island effect types, each with distinct cooling effects and landscape patterns suitable for suburban, urban and crowded areas with limited land. [Conclusion] Future park planning should consider the cold island effect type and landscape pattern, optimizing park scale and landscape composition to maximum cooling with minimal land use, thereby easing the urban heat island effect.