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城市公园及周边景观格局对冷岛效应影响——以福州市为例
作者:
作者单位:

1.福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院;2.科廷大学设计与建筑环境学院,珀斯

中图分类号:

X22

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    摘要:

    [目的]福州作为“火炉城市”，其热岛效应显著。分析福州城市公园及周边景观格局对冷岛效应的影响，量化不同冷岛效应类型公园降温效果及景观配置特征，对研究城市公园冷岛效应缓解城市高温有着重要意义。[方法]研究根据《福州市城市公园名录》筛选23个城市公园，基于Landsat8、GF-1等遥感数据采用辐射传输方程反演地表温度，分析公园规模、形状、公园及其周边景观组成、植被覆盖、建筑高度以及经济发展水平要素与冷岛效应的相关关系；拟合公园面积与累计冷岛效应梯度对数函数曲线，计算公园效率阈值；基于降温效果划分公园冷岛效应类型并分析各类型降温特点与公园配置。[结果]①福州市主城区热岛效应显著，公园降温效果明显。②公园冷岛效应与公园的规模、形状以及公园和周边景观组成要素相关性显著，与植被覆盖要素相关性较弱，与建筑高度、经济发展水平要素无显著相关性。③福州城市公园的降温效率阈值为0.22 hm2。④基于归一化公园平均温度和累计冷岛效应梯度将公园划分为强冷岛效应型、较强冷岛效应型以及弱冷岛效应型三类。不同类型公园有着不同的降温效果以及景观格局分别适合布置于郊区、市区以及用地局促的人流密集区。[结论]未来在公园规划布局中应充分考虑公园冷岛效应类型及其景观格局，合理布局公园规模和景观组成，以求最小公园规模最大限度缓解城市热岛效应。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] As a "furnace city", Fuzhou experiences a significant heat island effect. Analyzing the influence of urban parks and surrounding landscape patterns on the cold island effect, and quantifying the cooling impact and landscape configuration of parks with varying cold island effects, is essential for mitigating urban heat. [Method] Based on the list of urban parks in Fuzhou, 23 urban parks were selected, and the radiative transfer equation was used to invert the land surface temperature based on Landsat8 and GF-1 and other remote sensing data. The correlation between the scale, shape, internal and surrounding landscape components of the park, vegetation coverage, building height and economic development and the cold island effect was analyzed. The logarithmic function curve was fitted between park area and the cumulative gradient of cold island effect to calculate the cooling efficiency threshold. Based on the cooling effect, the types of cold island effect in parks were divided, and the cooling characteristics and park configuration of each type were analyzed. [Result] (1) The heat island effect in the main urban area of Fuzhou City was significant, and parks provided noticeable cooling. (2) The parks’ cold island effect was significantly correlated with its scale, shape, and internal and surrounding landscape components, but showed a weak correlation with the vegetation coverage and no significant correlation with building height or economic development. (3) The cooling efficiency threshold of Fuzhou city park was 0.22 hm2. (4) Based on the normalized average temperature and cumulative gradient of cold island effect, the parks are divided into strong, sub-strong and low cold island effect types, each with distinct cooling effects and landscape patterns suitable for suburban, urban and crowded areas with limited land. [Conclusion] Future park planning should consider the cold island effect type and landscape pattern, optimizing park scale and landscape composition to maximum cooling with minimal land use, thereby easing the urban heat island effect.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-22
  • 录用日期:2024-10-22

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