[Objective] The purpose of this study was to explore the temporal and spatial variation law of soil and water conservation service function in Hunan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for the evaluation of soil and water conservation service function in Hunan Province and the formulation of regional ecological comprehensive management plan. [Method] Three factors, NPP vegetation net primary productivity, DEM elevation and soil texture distribution, were selected, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil and water conservation service functions in Hunan Province in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were studied by using the NPP quantitative index evaluation model. [Result ](1) From 2000 to 2020, the average net primary productivity of vegetation in Hunan Province was between 4.39 and 334.52 GC/m2a, which showed an upward trend in time, while in space, the average net primary productivity of vegetation showed a trend of higher in the middle and decreasing around; The elevation is between-12 m and 2081 m, showing a trend of high in the west and low in the east, with great fluctuation in the west and relatively gentle in the east; The slope is between 3.3 and 76.7, showing a trend of high in the west and low in the east; The soil erodibility value is between 0.011 and 1.411, and the soil erodibility tends to be low in the middle and high around, spreading and improving from the central area to the surrounding areas. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the amount of soil and water conservation in Hunan Province was between (8.75 t/hm2 ~ 185.97 t/hm2), which showed an upward trend in time, mainly in general important areas and important areas in space. The area of general important areas showed a downward trend with time, the area of important areas showed an upward trend with time, and the area of extremely important areas showed a downward trend with time. The service function of soil and water conservation transits from general important area and extremely important area to important area with time.