1.西北大学城市与环境学院;2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院研究院
华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ21-H76)
- LI Mengchao , QU Jianjun1,2,3
- QU Jianjun 1,2,3
- TAN Lihai
- Wang Jingqi
- WANG Yanxi
1.College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwestern University,Xi '2.'3.an
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[目的]揭示光伏电站内外近地表微气象特征的差异，评估毛乌素沙地大型光伏电站布设对近地表微气象的影响。[方法]利用自动气象站的观测数据，通过对比对照点和站内各观测点得到微气象要素（风速、风向、气温、相对湿度、辐射）评估毛乌素沙地大型光伏电站的布设对近地表微气象的影响。[结果]相比对照区域，两种光伏阵列在2m高度处的风向均发生显著变化，呈现出更为单一的特征。同时，光伏阵列区域的气温有所降低，固定可调光伏板间和板下的最大降温分别为0.92 ℃和0.97 ℃，而平单轴光伏板间和板下的最大降温分别为2.24 ℃和2.46 ℃。此外，空气相对湿度有所增加，固定可调光伏区域的最大增幅出现在12月份，板间和板下分别增加了2.12 %和1.32 %；平单轴光伏区域在3月份增幅最大，板间和板下分别增加了4.74 %和5.48 %。光伏阵列对辐射的影响主要体现在光伏板下区域，其中固定可调光伏板下和平单轴光伏板下的太阳辐射量最大分别减少了91.30 %和88.27 %，光合有效辐射量最大分别减少了91.06 %和82.29 %。[结论]大型光伏电站具有改变风向、降低气温、增加相对湿度以及减少地表太阳辐射量和光合有效辐射量的作用。其中，平单轴光伏阵列在“降温增湿”方面的效果优于固定可调光伏阵列。
[Objective] The objective of this study is to elucidate the differences in near-surface microclimate characteristics between the interior and exterior of photovoltaic power stations and to evaluate the effects of the layout of large-scale photovoltaic power stations in the Mu Us Desert on the near-surface microclimate. [Methods] The research employed observational data from automatic weather stations to assess the impact of the photovoltaic power station layout in the Mu Us Desert on near-surface microclimate by comparing microclimate elements (wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, and radiation) between control points and various observation points within the station. [Results]?The study revealed that, compared to the control area, both types of photovoltaic arrays exhibited significant changes in wind direction at a height of 2 meters, presenting a more monotonous pattern. Additionally, the temperature within the photovoltaic array areas was reduced.Specifically, the maximum temperature decreases recorded between and beneath the fixed adjustable photovoltaic panels were 0.92 °C and 0.97 °C, respectively. In comparison, the horizontal single-axis photovoltaic panels showed maximum temperature reductions of 2.24 °C and 2.46 °C between and beneath the panels, respectively.Furthermore, there was an increase in air relative humidity, with the greatest increments occurring in the fixed adjustable photovoltaic area in December, where the inter-panel and under-panel areas increased by 2.12% and 1.32%, respectively. The horizontal single-axis photovoltaic area experienced the largest increase in March, with inter-panel and under-panel areas increasing by 4.74% and 5.48%, respectively. The impact of the photovoltaic arrays on radiation was predominantly observed beneath the panels, with the maximum reductions in solar radiation beneath the fixed adjustable and horizontal single-axis photovoltaic panels being 91.30% and 88.27%, respectively, and the maximum reductions in photosynthetically active radiation being 91.06% and 82.29%, respectively.[Conclusion] The deployment of large-scale photovoltaic power stations can alter wind direction, reduce air temperature, increase relative humidity, and decrease surface solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Notably, the horizontal single-axis photovoltaic array outperforms the fixed adjustable photovoltaic array in terms of its capacity to lower temperature and increase humidity.
