[Objective] The key ecological corridors, ecological nodes, and obstacle points in the Hainan Zang Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province was identified, and the ecological security pattern of the Hainan Prefecture was described in order to provide a reference for its ecological environmental protection and sustainable development. [Methods] The ecological security pattern of the Hainan Prefecture was described using the InVEST model and circuit theory method based on the source-resistance surface-corridor framework. The Hainan Zang Autonomous Prefecture (Hainan Prefecture) in the Qinghai Province, an important water conservation area at the headwaters of the Yellow River, was the research object. [Results] ① Ecosystem services in the Hainan Prefecture were generally good and mainly included very important and highly important services. ② The ecological source area in this study was approximately 5 463 km², accounting for 12.0% of the total study area. Scattered patches were mainly distributed in the south and east of the Hainan Prefecture and at the southern bank of the Qinghai Lake. A total of 55 ecological corridors were identified, with a total length of 1 963 km, including 22 key corridors, with a dense distribution pattern in the south and east and sparse distribution in the west. A total of 37 ecological pinch points and 32 ecological obstacle points were identified, which were mainly distributed in the central parts of Gonghe and Guide County. ③ The ecological source, corridor, pinch point, and obstacle point areas were combined to form an ecological security pattern. [Conclusion] Future endeavors should focus on the protection and restoration of habitats in the western part of the study area, strengthening the service capacity of the ecological source area at the southern, eastern, and southern banks of the Qinghai Lake to improve the overall connectivity of the ecosystem in the Hainan Prefecture.