As the core ecological barrier of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Bashang area in Zhangjiakou plays a critical role in sustaining regional ecological security. This study integrates multiple models and analytical approaches: (1) the INVEST model was employed to assess ecosystem service functions, coupled with Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) to identify ecological sources; (2) a comprehensive resistance surface was constructed using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and circuit theory, from which ecological corridors and critical nodes (e.g., pinch points and barriers) were extracted; (3) an optimized ecological security pattern was established through spatial integration of these elements. Key findings include: (1) Overall ecological security status: 39.4% of the study area (5,423 km2) was classified as high or relatively high security level, indicating a robust ecological baseline. (2) Spatial pattern quantification: 21 ecological sources (total area: 430 km2), 50 ecological corridors (total length: 1,600 km), and 127 ecological nodes were identified, showing a spatial trend of “high-connectivity zones with dense sources and corridors, and low-security zones with concentrated barriers”. (3) a spatial framework of “Five Zones and Three Belts” was proposed, offering a scientific reference for ecological conservation and spatial management in the Bashang region.