[Objective]Erosion gully control in Northeast China"s black soil region is vital for controlling soil erosion and protecting farmland. To assess its carbon sequestration potential in soil and water conservation, optimize control measures, and enhance carbon sequestration, this study chose four representative controlled gullies as project scenarios and one similar uncontrolled gully as the baseline scenario.[Methods] Vegetation biomass was measured using the sample plot method and the harvest method. Indicators such as soil organic carbon and bulk density in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers were experimentally determined. The abilities of soil conservation and carbon preservation, erosion reduction and emission mitigation, soil and vegetation carbon enhancement, and straw-sealing carbon sequestration in the project scenarios were quantified to assess the accumulated carbon sequestration amount resulting from erosion gully control in the black soil region. [Results]The results show that erosion gully control contributes to soil and carbon preservation, erosion and emission reduction, soil and vegetation carbon enhancement, and straw-sealing carbon sequestration. The annual carbon sequestration amount per unit area is highest for gullies treated with straw burial (10.99 t/(hm2·a)), followed by those treated with vegetation combined with engineering measures (5.21 t/(hm2·a)), and lowest for those treated solely with vegetation measures (3.45–4.96 t/(hm2·a)). For control measures involving tree-shrub-grass combinations, trees alone, and trees combined with engineering measures, the enhancement of the vegetation carbon pool is predominant. In contrast, the straw burial treatment mode primarily enhances the soil carbon pool. The carbon sequestration effects of various erosion gully control measures are significant, indicating substantial carbon sequestration potential. It is estimated that the accumulated carbon sequestration amount per unit area can reach 1 730 774.89 t/a. [Conclusion]The research findings provide scientific support for the selection of erosion gully control modes and the assessment of carbon sequestration capacity in the future.