[Objective] The Yellow River Basin is a vital ecological barrier and economic belt in China, where the quality of the ecological environment underpins the achievement of regional sustainable development. This study aims to provide scientific support for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.[Method] Taking the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area, based on the land use data from 1990 to 2023, this paper adopted a multi-dimensional analysis method. Combined with the dynamic changes in land use and spatial transfer matrix, the value equivalent evaluation system was applied to quantify the regional ecosystem service value (ESV). Meanwhile, the ecological contribution rate was used to reveal the interaction relationship between different land use types and ESV. In addition, the intPLUS model was employed to simulate the land use patterns and ESV evolution trends under four scenarios in 2035, namely natural development, cultivated land protection, ecological protection, and urban development.[Results]①Grassland and unused land were the dominant land use types in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin. The areas of construction land and forestland kept increasing, while those of unused land, cultivated land, and water area showed a decreasing trend. The total area of land use type conversion reached 47272.91 km2. Water area, forestland, and construction land were the land types with the largest outflow area respectively, and grassland was the land type with the largest inflow scale.②From 1990 to 2023, the ESV of the study area decreased slightly by 0.85%, with grassland as the core contributing type. The spatial distribution presented a pattern of "high in the northeast and low in the west", and the high-value and low-value areas of ESV change rate in each stage exhibited obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics.③Among the four scenario simulations in 2035, only the ecological protection scenario could realize ESV growth, the ESV loss was the most significant under the urban development scenario, and the change in grassland ESV dominated the overall trend.[Conclusion] This study reveals the coupling mechanism between land use change and ecosystem service value in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin, expands the theoretical and methodological system of ESV research in this region, and provides a scientific basis for coordinating regional production activities and ecological protection.