［Objective］To promote the construction of the sixth phase of the "Three North Shelterbelt Development Program" and provide the shrub species with the best protective effect for the tree and shrub mixed, by comparing and analyzing the windbreak effects of different types of forest belts, this paper studies the key factors influencing the windbreak effects of different forest belts and puts forward reasonable artificial planting suggestions, providing theoretical basis and technical support for the sixth phase of the "Three North Shelterbelt Development Program" in Heilongjiang Province.［Methods］Taking four windbreak and sand-fixation forest belts in the sandstorm area of western Heilongjiang province as the research objects, methods such as analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) were adopted, to explore the relationship between wind speed variation, wind prevention efficiency, wind speed reduction at different heights and distances in different forest belts and the basic characteristics of the forest belts, surface roughness, mechanical composition of soil particles and fractal dimension.［Results］Windbreak effect of Ulmus pumila forest belt was the best within 5H (H is the height of the forest belt) on the leeward side below 100 cm in vertical height. It had the most obvious effect on the change of wind speed profile. The wind speed hindrance effect of Syringa oblata ?forest belt on the leeward side 5H was the weakest, the wind speed basically recovered to the windward side 1H. The surface roughness of Lespedeza bicolor forest belt (2.83) was the highest, and there was a significant difference compared with the other three forest belts（P＜0.05）. In the proportion of soil particle size, the proportions of silt, very fine sand and fine sand particles in the total particle size range reach 84.42% to 92.80%. The fractal dimension of Salix saposhnikovii forest belt (2.56) was the lowest, and there was a significant difference from the other three forest belts（P＜0.05）. The fractal dimension of L. bicolor forest belt was generally higher than that of the other three forest belts. The wind speed increase rate in S. oblata and S. saposhnikovii forest belts showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of height. The windbreak efficiency of S. oblata forest belt at the height of 10 cm was as high as 199.59%, which was significantly different from that of other forest belts（P＜0.05）. The windbreak efficiency of L. bicolor forest belt was relatively high below 50 cm in height. RDA analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between the windbreak efficiency and the reduction in wind speed at the same distance（P＜0.01）. The increase rate of wind speed in the middle and upper layers was significantly negatively correlated with plant height, bandwidth and retention rate（P＜0.05）. The width and preservation rate of forest belts were important variables, in the basic properties of forest belts, plant height, width and preservation rate have the greatest impact on the windbreak effect of forest belts. The differences in the growth characteristics of various plants directly affect the windbreak effect.［Conclusion］It is recommended that during the strong wind period in spring, the main type of forest should be shrub belts with dwarf clumps and dense branches, such as U. pumila and L. bicolor, and the number of rows should be appropriately increased to achieve the best windbreak effect. The research results have significant practical significance for enhancing the wind prevention efficiency of existing protective forests and expanding the sand prevention and control effects of the "Three North Shelterbelt Development Program".