[Objective] The ecological security pattern （ESP） of the Keriya River basin was constructed to provide a scientific basis for optimizing ecological security， restoring ecosystems， and establishing ecological protection systems in the region. [Methods] Taking the Keriya River basin as a study area， the InVEST model was employed to quantitatively evaluate the importance of key ecosystem services， including water conservation， soil retention， habitat quality， and carbon storage. An ecological sensitivity evaluation system was developed to assess regional ecological sensitivity and identify ecological sources. A minimum cumulative resistance model was used to construct an ecological resistance surface， and ArcGIS software was applied to delineate ecological corridors， ultimately forming the ESP of the basin. [Results] The Keriya River basin contains two ecological sources， with a total area of 4 610.47 hm²， located in the forested and grassland regions in the central and southern parts of the basin. Three ecological corridors， with lengths of 582.75， 113.43， and 65.11 km， were identified. These corridors are crucial for facilitating species movement， conserving soil and water， and enhancing biodiversity. [Conclusion] Desertification control and sustainable forest management are paramount for the ecological environment of the Keriya River basin. Rational water resource allocation， the selection of vegetation suited for sand fixation， and development of economically valuable desert oases are essential to support ecological restoration and provide financial sustainability for the region.