[Objective] The water-production capacities of the first group of first five national parks in China were analyzed， and the key driving forces of each park were explored， in order to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the ecological protection and water-resource management of national parks. [Methods] Based on the InVEST model， the water-yielding capacities of each national park from 2000 to 2023 were assessed. The stability of the water-yielding capacities was analyzed in combination with the coefficient of variation（C_v）. The partial least squares path model （PLS-PM） was used to explore the functioning mechanism of the key driving force at each park quantitatively. [Results] ① From 2000 to 2023， the depths of the water-yields in the national parks generally demonstrated a fluctuating upward trend （excepte Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park）. Wuyishan National Park had the largest water-yield depth （1 609.13 mm） and the largest increase （k=9.34）， while Sanjiangyuan National Park had the smallest water-yield depth （133.89 mm） and the most moderate increase （k=0.95）. ② The stability of the water yield of each park was as follows： Sanjiangyuan National Park > Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park > Giant Panda National Park > Wuyishan National Park > Northeastern Tiger and Leopard National Park. ③ The key driving forces of the water yields of the parks differed significantly， demonstrating varying patterns of influence. Precipitation was the primary positive factor affecting water yield， and was significantly higher in Sanjiangyuan National Park （0.987 9） and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park （0.832 8） than in the other parks. Potential evapotranspiration was generally negatively correlated with the depth of water yield and was seen to be particularly significant at Giant Panda National Park （-0.458 1） and Wuyishan National Park （-0.348 5）. The impacts of vegetation cover and topography differed across the national parks. [Conclusion] From 2000 to 2023， the spatial and temporal patterns of water-yield capacities in the five first group national parks in China changed significantly and were relatively stable. The key driving forces of those patterns were shown to be different and spatially heterogeneous.