[Objective] The coupling relationship between the morphological characteristics of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas and their windbreak efficiency was investigated in order to reveal the effects of different evolutionary stages on nebkhas morphology and airflow fields， and to clarify the mechanisms by which shrub structure affects windbreak and sand-stabilization efficiency， furthermore to provide a theoretical basis and data support for the ecological restoration of the desert-oasis ecotone. [Methods] This study focused on N. tangutorum nebkhas in the desert-oasis ecotone of the Yabulai Mountain aeolian pass. Field measurements were used to determine the morphology of the nebkhas， and numerical simulations were conducted to analyze wind speed distributions in the vertical and horizontal planes under three evolutionary stages （development， stabilization， and degradation） and three vegetation cover levels （20%， 50%， and 80%）. [Results] ① The morphology of the N. tangutorum nebkhas was primarily tadpole-like elliptical. All morphological parameters showed positive correlations. The correlation coefficients increased as the nebkhas evolved and vegetation cover increased. All morphological parameters were the smallest in the development stage. ② For nebkhas at different evolutionary stages， wind speed decreased significantly within the horizontal distance range of x=1—5 L （L represents the shrub canopy major axis） and the vertical height range of z=0—0.8 H （H represents the shrub height ）， forming a deceleration zone on the leeward slope with high windbreak efficiency （40%—95%）. Among all evolutionary stages， the stabilization stage exhibited the optimal windbreak performance （with windbreak efficiency of 50%—95%）. ③ Under the three vegetation cover conditions， the windbreak efficiency reached the highest level of up to 95% when vegetation cover reached 80%. [Conclusion] The Yabulai Mountain Aeolian Pass is a key area for wind erosion control. Wind erosion can be mitigated by optimizing the morphological structure of the nebkhas and increasing vegetation cover.