[Objective] The variation characteristics of different precipitation grades in Jilin Province from 1960 to 2024 were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of water and soil resources and the prevention and control of drought and flood disaster risks in the province. [Methods] Based on daily precipitation data from 47 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1960 to 2024, methods including linear trend analysis, correlation analysis, and Hurst exponent were employed to investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trend persistence of precipitation amount, precipitation days, and precipitation intensity across different grades. [Results] During the study period, the precipitation structure in Jilin Province underwent significant changes. Both light precipitation amount and light precipitation days showed decreasing trends(p<0.05), while rainstorm amount and rainstorm days increased significantly(p<0.05). Precipitation intensity exhibited an increasing trend for all grades except for heavy rainstorm intensity, which showed a slight decline. Moderate rain contributed the most to total precipitation(33.44%), followed by light rain(33.14%). Light rain had the highest occurrence frequency(83.11%). However, both its contribution and occurrence frequency showed decreasing trends, whereas those of rainstorms increased significantly. Changes in total precipitation amount were mainly influenced by heavy rain, changes in total precipitation days were dominated by light rain days, and total precipitation intensity was closely related to the amount and days of heavy rain and rainstorms. Spatially, precipitation amounts and days for all grades exhibited a pattern of higher values in the southeast and lower values in the northwest, while precipitation intensity showed considerable spatial heterogeneity across different grades. Notably, the transformation of precipitation structure characterized by increased rainstorm events and decreased light rain events was widespread across the province, albeit with regional variations in its intensity. The interaction of geofactors significantly controlled the spatial differentiation of light and moderate precipitation amounts and days. In contrast, precipitation of rainstorm grade and above was more influenced by local weather systems, showing weaker correlations with geofactors. Hurst exponent analysis indicated that, except for the future trend of heavy rainstorm intensity which might reverse, the historical change trends of other precipitation indicators all exhibited strong persistence. [Conclusion] The precipitation structure in Jilin Province is evolving towards a more extreme pattern characterized by increased rainstorm events and decreased light rain events. Greater attention should be paid to this issue in future research and policy-making related to regional water-soil security and meteorological disaster prevention.