[Objective] The progress on microbial-biochar interaction mechanisms in saline-alkali soil improvement was systematically reviewed, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of synergistic effects, and identify potential risks, and provide a theoretical basis for the systematic development and risk management of this technology. [Methods] Using the bibliometric method, this study systematically reviews the research progress and development trends in the synergistic improvement of saline-alkali soil using microorganisms and biochar. It focuses on analyzing their synergistic mechanisms in physical structure construction, chemical environment regulation, and biological function enhancement. Furthermore, potential risks in the ‘material-strain-environmentmanagement' synergistic regulation, such as salt input and microbial competition, are discussed. [Results] This combined approach provides physical shelter and electron transfer channels through biochar, along with microbialmediated salt transformation and metabolic feedback, thereby synergistically enhancing soil functions. It can significantly reduce the electrical conductivity of saline-alkali soil, increase crop yield, and enhance the abundance of functional genes associated with the nitrogen cycle. [Conclusion] The microbial-biochar combined technology is a green and sustainable strategy for saline-alkali land management. Its synergistic mechanisms involve multidimensional physical, chemical, and biological effects, demonstrating promising application potential in both laboratory and field experiments. Future efforts should continue to focus on combination optimization, mechanism elucidation, regional adaptation, and technology integration to promote the standardized and large-scale application of this technology.