Based on the results of experiment, model and productive control in the experimental plots of soil and water conservation of Ansai county，North Shannxi Province, for many years, and the characters of the semiarid region in the hilly loess region，the author makes an attempt to discuss systematically the ecological agriculture of soil and二water conservation type in the hilly loess region, including rational use of water resource in soil; programme of the construction of the forest-protection of water and soil conservation on the basis of the influence of artifical forest on dry condition in soil layer;development of dry farming as far as possible so as to raise food production; establishment of the artifical grassland and development of the animal husbandry; harnessing slopland and renouncing steep slopeland-farming and planting trees,etc. The paper suggests and discusses the problems about protection of agricultural environment and system of ecological,agricuture of soil and water conservation type.