Comparing the deposit of Yellow river with Yangtze, we may see thatin the cathment area of Yellow river which is well known by its high de-posit, there is much loess to bear eroding for hundreds of years, and while in Yangtze valley,many places the soil layer is too thin to bear anyeroding. After a hard rain,most slope area become rocky land which can-not be used any more. The facts of soil crises, land crises and channelcrises are the convinced examples. To harness Yangtze valley, the overalland mass point of view must be taken, and main energy cannot only beput on the large projects in major channel such as Three Gorges Dam,butalso on the controlling the increasing loss soil and water which has brou-ght disaster and crises to mass and national economic construction. Weappear that the government should pay more attention to and strenghtenon the work of soil and water conservation in Yangtze valley.