Due to different natural conditions and social and economical state, the forming process of the scientific system of soil and water conservation is different in countries, each of which has its own stressed points. The system of new China is characterized with complete system,wider range related to the subject, rich content in the study, it applies the modern science and technology, such as systematic methodology, remote sensing technics, computer and other newly developed ones to equipe the scientific study of soil and water conservation of China, and uses social economy, populationology, and the study of commodity to make plan, implementation and analysis of the benefit.