The mountainous region is 70% of the national area in China and with rich natural resource. The harness and development of mountainous area occupies an important position of strategy in the national economy construction, which should be taken overall consideration with other factors in the stressed developing area and the developed coastal region to bring each of the superiorities into effects,to aid and promote each other and to develop in coordination. The grievous soil and water loss of mountainous area is the root of poverty and the major obstruction to development. The soil and water conservation is to prevent soil and water loss, to protect and utilize the resource of soil and water rationally, and to improve the ecological environment, to reduce the natural disasters,to develop multiple commodity economy to overcome poverty and get rich,being regarded as the fundamental assurance of the basic construction such as communication, mining, etc., and as the base to develop mountainous region. The general policy for the harness and development of the mountainous region is taking prevention as principal work, combining harness with management, overall planning, harnessing comprehensively, to develop maiuly multiple commodity econmy to overcomep overty and get rich rapidly, without relaxing the grain production. The sense and function should be translated to the track that takes prevention as main work, that the new soil and water loss is controlled through the reinforcing of supervision and legal system. Meanwhile, the policy, science and input are relied, especially various levels of soil and water conservation systems of organizations are to be established and improved to strengthen soil and water conservation and the development of mountainous region to make greater contributions to the construction of socialist modernization.