The situation, damage, develping trend and reason of erosion are analyzed by investigation in this paper. The number of counties and cities with soil erosion in the province has increased from 34 to 87 since 1950's and sediment transported to Dongting Lake raised by 34.2%. The total siltation in the Lake has got as high as 40 billion m³ in 30 years, which harm the farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production drectly. Some suggestions for soil and water conservation were pointed out: 1) strenghten vegetation construction and improve slopiing field; 2) popularize comprehensive control; 3) carry out household or families responsibility for soil erosion control; 4) collect funds from multi-source to increase outlay; 5) consummate control and management policy and carry on active propaganda.