This paper analyses the rock properties, soil types, distributions and its physicaland chemical properties in the gneissose eroded area of western Henan province. Also, the multiple-point experiments were condcted in the gneissose severely-eroded area. The results indicated that such water and soil conservation measures as afforestation and water conservancy structures adopted can accelerate the process of soil formation and maturity, improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility, and control soil erosion.