This paper analyses the component materials and their properties of 7 kinds of land surfaces including mountain lands, loessal hills, valley basin lands, gneiss, carbonatitle, sandy shale and loess and other physical factors such as olimate and hydrology, etc. of thesystem of ten rivers in the upper reaches of the Haihe River in Shanxi province using the method of combination of points with whole. Also, itdeals with the conditions of genesis of soil erosion and its basic laws thereby to put forward the divisions of water and soil erosion and its control ways and practices.